The diet varies geographically and by season, depending upon the availability of prey items. Unlike the Peregrine Falcon, the diet of the Gyrfalcon is much more limited and often very focused on one or two major prey species. Throughout its range, this large falcon prefers to hunt ptarmigan wherever they are available. Both Rock and Willow ptarmigan are taken, but food studies seldom differentiate between them. As the breeding season progresses, Arctic ground squirrels become a major secondary source of food, especially as the ground squirrel young become available. Generally, birds make up 60 to 90 percent of the biomass in Gyrfalcon diets. The range of other prey species includes a variety of dabbling and diving ducks, sandpipers and plovers, Short-eared Owl, Northern Harrier, Rough-legged Hawk, jaegers, terns and gulls, a variety of passerines (Snow Bunting, Horned Lark, sparrows), hares, mink, rats, and microtine rodents such as lemmings. On southern wintering grounds, Gyrfalcons have been observed to take Mallards and have been seen hovering over a flock of Gray Partridge. Rock Doves may also be taken. Carrion feeding has been observed and prey included codfish , Glaucous Gull, and mammals caught in snares set by trappers. Caching of partially-consumed prey is a regular occurrence.
PELLETS
Pellet shape and size vary with the contents. Fresh pellets are generally elongate and cylindrical with rounded or conical ends. The length can vary from 1.25 to 3.0 inches (3.2 to 7.6 centimeters) in length and the diameter is about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters). Pellets containing mostly fur are more regular in shape than those containing bones. When the contents are primarily skin or visceral organs, the consistency is much harder than the loose, amorphous pellets that are mainly feathers and hair. Pellet color will vary with age and content but range from browns through shades of gray or greenish to yellowish gray. They contain fur, feathers and small bones and occasionally vegetation from the viscera of ptarmigan.
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#Which birds of prey eats this?;question\Q38\Q38.wav
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